Authors

Discussion

This presentation aims to demonstrate that disruption is a pervasive phenomenon influencing all domains of human history, with the differences being primarily quantitative rather than qualitative. To this end, it focuses on the Balkans, highlighting significant examples of disruption from the 19th and 20th centuries. Specifically, the following cases are discussed: the fragmentation of the Orthodox community and the emergence of national groups; revolutions and the formation of Balkan nation-states; the ecclesiastical schism between the Patriarchate of Constantinople and the Bulgarian Church in 1872; the Macedonian question; the Balkan Wars (1912–1913); World War I and the collapse of the Ottoman Empire; World War II and the rise of communism; and historiographical discontinuities, particularly between national and communist master narratives.