Authors

Jing Men¹;  ¹ East China Normal University, China

Discussion

This paper selects seven political parties within the EU, including France's National Rally, Germany's AfD, Austria's FPÖ, Hungary's Fidesz, Slovakia's SMER, Italy's Lega, and Bulgaria's Revival Party, and conducts a comparative analysis of these parties' pro-Russia motivations and policies from the perspectives of ideology, geopolitics, identity, and economic interests, as well as their impact on EU-Russia relations. The purpose of this study is to clarify why these parties are pro-Russia and to examine whether and how their ideas and policies influence EU-Russia relations, and what specific effects they produce.