Authors

Discussion

Eastern Europe was for the majority of the British in the 19th-century terra incognita. The early tourists did not go there - neither aristocrats doing Grand Tour nor those of more humble origin led by Thomas Cook - all of them preferred France, Germany, or Italy.  

What was the level of knowledge among the educated classes of British society? The press was an important source of information for a large part of the population in 19th-century Britain. 

John Henry Newman spoke about „the extreme influence of periodical publications of this day quarterly, monthly or daily; they teach the multitude of men what to say and what to think”.  What did they think about Poland and Ukraine?

"The Scotsman"  published as a daily from 1855 was an influential paper published in Edinburgh. 

What was the understanding of the terms: "Poland" and "Ukraine" on the pages of the daily?  What was the political and geographical sense in which it was used? 

There was neither a Polish nor Ukrainian state on the political stage. Yet both terms were used in the press texts. Did Poland or/and Ukraine exist at least as a semi/independent unity in the semantic layer? 

It is also interesting whether "The Scotsman's" attitude to Poland/Ukraine reflected anti-Russian sentiments as both entities were partly included in the tsar's empire.