Authors

Discussion

This paper explores the issue of attitudinal consolidation in Russia in relation to party choice and non-party choice. It develops an understanding of the nature of attitudinal consolidation in an electoral authoritarian context, and examines the extent to which the bases of party and non-party support in Russia in 2021 follow patterns of development evident over time. The paper will be based on survey evidence from 2021 and surveys conducted on a regular basis since the early 1990s.