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The paper presents an overview of the development and the establishment of the Soviet educational cartography (on the example of the school world atlases). Geography as a compulsory school subject started to be implemented in the curriculum only after 1934, putting maps right in the center of the educational process. That has triggered the formation of the new governmental committees and centralised the map production, introducing the new approaches to the school atlases, and the new contents which were aligned to the newly developed program. The paper, therefore, addresses the changes in the cartographical production and the contents of the school world atlases from the late XIX century until 1937 on the backdrop of the changes in managing and perceiving the Russian and Soviet spaces.